Periodontal disease is inflammation of the gums. It is caused by the build up of bacteria and other particles around the teeth. This plaque is a sticky, colourless film that forms on the tooth surface. If it is not removed it hardens to form “ tartar” (calculus). Calculus and plaque do cause the gums to become inflamed and this is what causes gum disease. This is because the bacterial toxins and the body’s natural response to infection start to break down the bone and supporting structures of the teeth. This may eventually lead to tooth loss. Gum disease can occur in different forms and severity.